Combined exercise and consumption of Royal Jelly compared to exercise alone, shows differences in their effects on liver function, liver fat index, and body composition of postmenopausal women with non-alcoholic fatty liver

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

2 Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

3 Physical education group.human faculty.university of zabol.iran

10.22038/ijogi.2025.81474.6151

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the effects of combined exercises, with and without the use of royal jelly supplement, on body composition, liver enzymes, and the fatty liver index in menopausal women with NAFL.

Methods: 23 menopausal women with NAFL were selectively chosen and randomly allocated to two groups: combined exercise + royal jelly gel (n=11) and combined exercise + placebo (n=12). Both groups underwent an 8-week training program, consisting of 3 sessions per week. The resistance training utilizing elastic bands (35-40 minutes, 10-15 RPE, 8 stations, with 8-12 repetitions in 2-4 sets), followed by a 15-10-minute rest period, and concluded with aerobic exercises (target heart rate between 40-85%, with 2-minute intervals and 45 seconds of rest). The participants consumed either the royal jelly supplement or placebo (500 mg on training days). blood samples and body composition test were obtained 48 hours prior to the initial training session and immediately following the final training session. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS software, with a significance level set at 0.05.



Results: The combined exercise + royal jelly gel group displayed a significant reduction in ALT (p=0.015) and AST (p=0.002) enzyme levels. However, the interaction effect of combined exercise and royal jelly supplement did not demonstrate statistical significance with regards to body mass index (p=0.829), body weight (p=0.978), body fat (p=0.864), fatty liver index (p=0.569), and GGT enzyme(p=0.420).



Conclusion: The implementation of combined exercise and royal jelly consumption resulted in improved liver enzyme levels

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The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 01 October 2025

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