HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women and its maternal and neonatal outcomes: a review study

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran.

2 M.Sc. of Midwifery, Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Khomeini Education, Research and Treatment Center, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran.

10.22038/ijogi.2024.79873.6088

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnant women with HTLV-1 are mostly asymptomatic. Mother-to-child transmission mainly occur through breastfeeding. The present study was carried out with aim to identify HTLV-1 in pregnant women and its adverse maternal and neonatal outcome.
Methods: In this systematic review, 126 English articles on the topic of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women and newborns were searched through SID, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and web of science databases using keywords until March 2024. Finally, 10 articles based on the inclusion criteria including: articles with reporting, diagnosis and treatment of HTLV-1 infection in pregnant women and articles reporting the effects of HTLV-1 on fetuses and infants, diagnosis and treatment of HTLV-1 infection in infants were selected.
Results: In the review, most of the pregnant women infected with HTLV-1 were asymptomatic. Despite the case reports of abortion, premature birth, intrauterine growth restriction, stillbirth, infant death secondary to pneumonia and congenital hydrocephalus, in large comparative studies, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse outcomes between the two groups of healthy and affected women (P>0.05). It seems that mother's survival after delivery is strongly affected by diseases caused by HTLV-1, especially Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). A high mortality rate among pregnant mothers with ATL after delivery has been reported.
Conclusion: Considering the high mortality rate of pregnant mothers with ATL after delivery, careful monitoring of the health of women with ATL seems reasonable. It is recommended to develop a protocol to reduce the vertical transmission of infection in endemic areas.

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Main Subjects

References

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The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 27, Issue 6
August 2024
Pages 55-67

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