The effect of aromatherapy with narcissus flower essence on labor pain in primiparous women: a randomized clinical trial

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

3 Instructor of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

10.22038/ijogi.2024.67484.5439

Abstract

Introduction: The pain and long duration of childbirth cause many worries and complications for the mother. Therefore, this study was conducted with aim to determine the effect of aromatherapy with narcissus essential oil on labor pain.
Methods: This single-blind clinical trial study was performed in 2020 on 80 primiparous pregnant women in experimental and control groups referred to Farideh Behbahani Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Behbahan city, for natural delivery. The data collection tool was the demographic and obstetric information questionnaire and the visual pain scale. In the experimental group, in the active phase of labor, aromatherapy with narcissus flower essence and in the control group, distilled water was used. Pain was measured before the intervention (4 cm dilatation) and after the intervention (6, 8 and 10 cm dilatation) and the second stage of labor. Data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 20) and inferential statistical tests and descriptive statistics. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean pain intensity in the intervention group in the first stage of labor (dilations 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm) were 8.77 ± 0.71, 7.42 ± 0.79, 8 ± 0.77 and 8.43 ± 0.90, respectively and in the second stage of labor was 8.53 ± 1.59. In the control group, the mean pain intensity in the first stage of labor was 7.80 ± 1.18, 8.50 ± 0.83, 9.58 ± 0.60, and 9.13 ± 1.42, respectively and in the second stage of labor was 9.49 ± 0.61. Aromatherapy with narcissus flower essence caused a significant decrease in the pain intensity score of the first stage of labor in the intervention group compared to the control group in 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm dilatations of cervix (P<0.001). In the second stage of labor, the mean intensity of pain felt in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Aromatherapy with narcissus flower essence can reduce the intensity of labor pain due to the presence of linalool compounds. Therefore, the essence of medicinal plants such as narcissus flower can be used to make the childbirth process pleasant and reduce the pain of mothers.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Loeser JD. Bonica's management of pain. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
  2. Yadollahi P, Khormaei F, Hashemifard T. The role of personality traits in perception of labor pain in Iranian women. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery 2017; 5(4):1­12.
  3. Murtiningsih M, Andani ST. Difference effect of the combination of lavender aromatherapy and effluerage with breathing relaxation on pain intensity during labor among Primiparas. Journal of Maternity Care and Reproductive Health 2018; 1(1):144­159.
  4. Smith CA, Levett KM, Collins CT, Dahlen HG, Ee CC, Suganuma M. Massage, reflexology and other manual methods for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018(3).
  5. Junge C, von Soest T, Weidner K, Seidler A, Eberhard‐Gran M, Garthus‐Niegel S. Labor pain in women with and without severe fear of childbirth: a population‐based, longitudinal study. Birth 2018; 45(4):469­77.
  6. Fathi L, Amraei K. Effects of Phoenix dactylifera syrup consumption on the severity of labor pain and length of the active phase of labor in nulliparous women. Iran Journal of Nursing 2019; 31(116):18­27.
  7. Chaillet N, Belaid L, Crochetière C, Roy L, Gagné GP, Moutquin JM, et al. Nonpharmacologic approaches for pain management during labor compared with usual care: a meta‐analysis. Birth 2014; 41(2):122­37.
  8. Karimi FZ, Hosseini H, Mazloom SR, Rakhshandeh H. Effect of oral capsule of Ocimum basilicum leaf extract on depression in menopausal women: A randomized clinical trial. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2021; 24(2):50­58.
  9. Salarfard M, Yazdimoghaddam H, Abdollahi M, Karimi FZ. The effect of herbal medicines on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta­analysis. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, February 2022; 24(13):100­118.
  10. Simkin P, Bolding A. Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor pain and prevent suffering. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 2004; 49(6):489­504.
  11. Alavi A, Askari M, Nejad E, Bagheri P. Study the effect of massage with jasmine oil in comparison to aromatherapy with jasmine oil on childbirth process in hospitals of Abadan city in 2013. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 2017; 10(4).
  12. López V, Nielsen B, Solas M, Ramírez MJ, Jäger AK. Exploring pharmacological mechanisms of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil on central nervous system targets. Frontiers in pharmacology 2017; 8:280.
  13. Kheirkhah M, Amirkhanzadeh­Barandouzi Z, Samani LN. Comparison of the efficacy of aromatherapy and foot spa bath on labor pain in primiparous women: A randomized controlled trial. Koomesh 2024; 22(1):60­6.
  14. Lamadah SM, Nomani I. The effect of aromatherapy massage using lavender oil on the level of pain and anxiety during labour among primigravida women. Am J Nurs Sci 2016; 5(2):37­44.
  15. Chen SF, Wang CH, Chan PT, Chiang HW, Hu TM, Tam KW, et al. Labour pain control by aromatherapy: A meta­analysis of randomised controlled trials. Women and Birth 2019; 32(4):327­35.
  16. Tanvisut R, Traisrisilp K, Tongsong T. Efficacy of aromatherapy for reducing pain during labor: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2018; 297:1145­50.
  17. Smith CA, Collins CT, Crowther CA, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group. Aromatherapy for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1996; 2011(8).
  18. van Dort HM, Jagers PP, ter Heide R, van der Weerdt AJ. Narcissus trevithian and Narcissus geranium: analysis and synthesis of compounds. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 1993; 41(11):2063­75.
  19. Huang QQ, Feng JY. Study on the variation in narcissus aroma composition during blossoming. Journal of Instrumental Analysis 2004; 23(5):110­3.
  20. Aali E, Mahmoudi R, Kazeminia M, Hazrati R, Azarpey F. Essential oils as natural medicinal substances. Tehran University Medical Journal TUMS Publications 2017; 75(7):480­9.
  21. Roozbahani N, Attarha M, Akbari Torkestani N, Amiri Farahani L, Heidari T. The effect of rose water aromatherapy on reducing labor pain in primiparous women. Complementary Medicine Journal 2015; 5(1):1042­53.
  22. Namazi M, Akbari SA, Mojab F, Talebi A, Majd HA, Jannesari S. Effects of citrus aurantium (bitter orange) on the severity of first­stage labor pain. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR 2014; 13(3):1011.
  23. Atghari M, Noohi E, Khajepour M. Investigating the attitude towards childbirth pain and choosing the type of delivery in pregnant women referring to health centers in Kerman city. Journal of Razi Kerman School of Nursing and Midwifery 2002; 10(19):36­41.
  24. Shamsalinia A, Jahanshahi M, Haddadi Moghadam H, Ghaffari F. The relationship of birth pain catastrophe with the severity of labor pain and the activities of daily living after the childbirth. Quarterly Journal of Caspian Health and Aging 2017; 2(2):26­33.
  25. Nehbandanii Z, Rezayee Kahkha Galeh M, Bordbari M, Koochakzai M. Comparison the effects of aromatherapy with rose extract and lavender on the pain of the active phase of labor in primipara women. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 2018; 23(5):45­54.
  26. Alavi N, Nemati M, Kaviani M, Tabaie MH. The effect of lavender aaromatherapy on the pain intensity perception and intarapartum outcomes in primipare. Armaghane danesh 2010; 15(1):30­7.
  27. Vahaby S, Abedi P, Afshari P, Haghighizadeh MH, Zargani A. Effect of aromatherapy with rose water on pain severity of labor in nulliparous women: a random clinical trial study. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2016; 14(12):1049­60
  28. Nourbakhsh S, Taavoni S. P­910­Effect of aromatherapy on labor pain: a randomized control trial study in bandarabbas, year 2010. European Psychiatry 2012; 27(S1):1­.
  29. Mirzaiinajmabadi K, Makvandi S, Mirteimoori M, Sadeghi R. An Update on the Effect of Massage and Inhalation Aromatherapy with Lavender on Labor Pain Relief: A Systematic Review and Meta­analysis. Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research 2022; 3(1): 29­37.
  30. Safarzadeh A, Khodakarami N, Fathizadeh N, Safdari DF. The effect of massage therapy on the severity of labor in primiparous women. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci 2008; 9(4):20­5.
  31. Karo HY, Pramono N, Wahyuni S, Mashoedi ID, Latifah L. Lavender (lavandula angustifolia) aromatherapy as an alternative treatment in reducing pain in primiparous mothers in the active first stage of labor. Belitung Nursing Journal 2017; 3(4):420­5.
  32. Yazdkhasti M, Pirak A. The effect of aromatherapy with lavender essence on severity of labor pain and duration of labor in primiparous women. Complementary therapies in clinical practice 2016; 25:81­6.
  33. Ozgoli G, Aryamanesh Z, Mojab F, Majd HA. A study of inhalation of peppermint aroma on the pain and anxiety of the first stage of labor in nulliparous women: a randomized clinical trial. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal 2013; 7(3):21­27.
  34. Cheraghi J, Valadi A. Effects of anti­nociceptive and anti­inflammatory component of limonene in herbal drugs. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 2010; 26(3):415­22.
  35. Mojab F, Talebi A, Alavi Majd H. Investigating the effect of citrus aurantium aroma on severity of labor pain during active phase of labor. Complementary Medicine Journal 2014; 4(1):733­44.
  36. Mohammadkhani Shahri L, Abbaspoor Z, Aghel N, Mohammadkhani Shahri H. Effect of Massage Aromatherapy with Lavender Oil on Pain Intensity of Active Phase of Labor in Nulliparous Women. J Med Plants 2012; 11(42):167­176.
  37. Burns E, Blamey C, Ersser SJ, Lloyd AJ, Barnetson L. The use of aromatherapy in intrapartum midwifery practice an observational study. Complementary therapies in nursing & midwifery 2000; 6(1):33­40.
  38. Khorasani EC, Peyman N, Esmaily H. Effect of education based on the theory of self­efficacy and health literacy strategies on exclusive breastfeeding: A randomized clinical trial. Koomesh 2024; 21(4):633­8.
  39. Jafari A, Alami A, Charoghchian E, Delshad Noghabi A, Nejatian M. The impact of effective communication skills training on the status of marital burnout among married women. BMC women's health 2021; 21(1):231.
  40. Saeidi R, Tafazoli M, Robatsangi MG. Kangaroo mother care for infantile colic: a randomized clinical trial. Tehran University Medical Journal 2010; 67(12).
  41. Partovi S, KianiFar H, GholamiRobatSangi M, Ghorbani Z, Saeidi R. Evaluation of massage with oil containing medium chain triglyceride on weight gaining in preterm. Koomesh 2024; 11(1):1­6.
  42. Noroozi M, Mohebbi­Dehnavi Z. Comparison of the effect of two educational methods based on mindfulness and cognitive emotion strategies on psychological well­being and anxiety of eighth­semester midwifery students before the final clinical trial. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 2022; 11(1):295.
  43. Golmakani N, Shaghaghi F, Ahmadi Z, Gholami M, Kamali Z, Mohebbi­Dehnavi Z. Investigating the relationship between the dimensions of mindfulness and maternal attachment to the fetus during pregnancy. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 2021; 10.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 27, Issue 5
July 2024
Pages 41-53

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics