Challenges and Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Women of Reproductive Age Based on the Health Belief Model: A Systematic Review

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 PhD Candidate of Reproductive Health, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4 Assistamt Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

10.22038/ijogi.2024.79736.6083

Abstract

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important initiator of cervical cancer and its mortality. Despite the significant effectiveness of the HPV vaccine in preventing this cancer, vaccination rates remain low in many communities. The present study was conducted with aim to review the challenges and barriers to vaccination based on the health belief model (HBM) in women of childbearing age.
Methods: In this review study, the reliable databases were searched by two independent researchers following PICO guidelines and using MESH keywords including: Papillomavirus Infections, Human papillomavirus, Papillomavirus Vaccines, Health Belief Model, Self-Care, Patient Participation, Health Education, needs assessment and women. The process of selecting articles was based on the PRISMA flowchart and quality assessment of articles was done using the NOS and CASP checklists.
Results: After reviewing and evaluating the quality of 2258 articles, 13 articles with 6030 women entered the review. According to the results, challenges and barriers were in three major categories: individual, psychosocial, and organizational. The most significant individual barriers included inadequate or incorrect information about the virus and perceived invulnerability against its pathogenicity. The most significant psychosocial barriers included fear and shame among women and the taboo of Sexually transmitted diseases. Unavailability of HPV vaccine, ineffective communication with clients, and communication and care gaps were also the major organizational barriers.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, strategic approaches including enhancing women's knowledge of HPV, providing sexual counseling services, and implementing routine and free HPV vaccination should prioritize in national sexual health policies and programs. Furthermore, health care providers should be trained to establish effective and continuous communication with clients.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 27, Issue 8
October 2024
Pages 64-80

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