Association between pre-pregnancy food group intakes and hyperemesis gravidarum: a case-control study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student of Nutrition Sciences, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Some of the etiological factors of hyperemesis gravidarum are increased fatty acid peroxidation and deficiency of vitamins and antioxidants. This study was performed with aim to determine the relationship between pre-pregnancy food group intakes and severe hyperemesis gravidarum.
Methods: This case-control study was performed in 2020-2021 on 171 pregnant women aged 18-35 years referred to the hospitals of Tehran. Hyperemesis gravidarum was diagnosed using the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology criteria, and participants were divided into the case and control groups. A semi-quantitative valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire containing 168 food items was used to assess food intake of participants in the past year before pregnancy. Data analysis was performed by SPSS statistical software (version 22), using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and logistic regression tests. A p-value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant
Results: The case group had significantly higher total fat and saturated fat intakes compared with controls. Median intakes of vitamin B groups, vitamin A and vitamin C were significantly higher among controls than cases. After adjusting for confounding variables, participants in the upper tertile of intakes of vegetables (OR=0.39, CI: 0.19-0.43) and fruits (OR=0.51, CI: 0.31-0.83) had a lower possibility of hyperemesis gravidarum. However, participants in the upper tertile of intakes of processed meats (OR=3.93, CI: 1.04-6.11) and organ meats (OR=2.39, CI: 1.23-5.03) were significantly more likely to be suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum.
Conclusion: There was a significant inverse association between intake of vegetables, fruits, fish and seafood, whole grains, legumes, nuts, olives and olive oil with hyperemesis gravidarum. However, intake of high-fat dairy products, processed meats, organ meats, sweets, solid fats had a significant direct association with hyperemesis gravidarum.

Keywords

References

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The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 24, Issue 12
January 2022
Pages 77-87

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