Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
3
Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
4
M.Sc. of Midwifery, Vice-Chancellor for Research, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
5
M.Sc. of Epidemiology, Vice-Chancellor for Research, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
6
General Physician, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Clinical manifestations, maternal and fetal outcomes and occurrence in mild and severe types of pre-eclampsia are different and it leads to consider different pathogenesis and risk factors are available in types of pre-eclampsia. The aim of this study is to compare pre-eclampsia risk factors in mild and severe types.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 498 pregnant women (330 normal pregnant and 168 pre-eclamptic pregnant women) in 2012. Data were collected by a form through face to face interview and medical records. Variables were age, Body Mass Index (BMI), parity, place of inhabitants, occupation, blood groups and RH, maternal diseases, Familial marriages, multiple pregnancy, fetal gender, previous history of pre-eclampsia and current urinary tract infection. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16), t-test, ANOVA, tukey post-hoc, chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Pre-eclamptic pregnant women were older with higher BMI than normal ones. Majority of pre-eclamptic patients had negative RH. Results showed significant differences between pre-eclampsia and age, BMI, history of abortion, RH, history of pre-eclampsia and chronic hypertension. After chronic hypertension, respectively, negative RH and history of abortion could elevate the risk of mild pre-eclampsia. BMI could only elevate the risk of mild pre-eclampsia. Negative RH and history of preeclampsia increased the risk of severe preeclampsia. Furthermore; multiparity had a preventive effect on mild and severe types of pre-eclampsia.
Conclusion: Chronic hypertension, history of abortion and BMI are the independent risk factors of mild pre-eclampsia and history of pre-eclampsia is the only risk factor of severe type. Negative RH is the common risk factor for mild and severe types.
Keywords
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