Causes of difference in the use of contraceptive methods in different ethnic groups

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Demography, University of Tehran, Researcher, Institute for Social Demographic Studies, National University of Australia.

4 Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Professor, School of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

5 Associate professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

6 Instructor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Considering that ethnicity is one of the influential factors in choosing the contraceptive method, and the social, cultural and religious factors affecting this choice vary among different ethnic groups, therefore, this study was performed with aim to identify differences in contraceptive methods in a multi-ethnic mosaic community.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2017 on 1000 married women at reproductive age (15-49 years) from five ethnic groups of Fars, Turk, Kurd, Turkman and Tat in North Khorasan. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire of fertility behavior (using deductive method based on literature review and compilation of existing questionnaire questions). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and t-test and bilateral variance analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The first priority of contraceptives was pills in all ethnic groups (most frequently in the Kurdish ethnicity). In Fars, Kurds and Turks, with slight differences between condoms and IUDs, they are the second priority of contraceptive methods. In the Tat and Turkmen ethnicity, with the clear distinction, condom was the second and IUD was the third priority of in choosing a contraceptive method.
Conclusion: The choice of contraceptive methods is influenced by the characteristics of individuals. Therefore, all planning, especially family planning programs which are directly related to fertility, should be based on specific cultural and social conditions and understanding the conditions of that community.

Keywords


  1. Behmabesh F, Taghi-Zadeh Z. Reproductive behavior of women in marriage patterns of modern and aditional: a combination of successive explanation (Doctoral dissertation, Thesis Tehran Univ 2015. (Persian).
  2. Abbasi-Shavazi MJ, Hosseini-Chavoshi M, ter Mc Donald P. The Path to be low Re place ment Fer til ity in the is lamic Re pub lic of Iran. Asia-Pacific Population Journal 2007; 22(2):91.
  3. Vahidnia F. Case study: fertility decline in Iran. Population and environment 2007; 28(4-5):259-66.
  4. Taghizadeh Z, Vedadhir A, Behmanesh F, Ebadi A, Pourreza A, Abbasi-Shavazi MJ. Reproductive practices by patterns of marriage among Iranian women: study protocol for an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Reproductive health 2015; 12(1):1-8.
  5. Entezari A, Asadpour A. Studying and Analyzing the Concept of Childbearing from the Point of View of Muslim Thinkers: From Farabi to Ibn Khaldun. The Journal of Research in Humanities 2020; 27(3):19-39.
  6. Erfani A, Nojomi M, Hosseini H. Prolonged birth intervals in Hamedan, Iran: Variations and determinants. Journal of biosocial science 2018; 50(4):457.
  7. Khadivzadeh T, Arghavani E, Shakeri MT. Attitude toward governmental incentives on childbearing and its relationship with fertility preferences in couples attending premarital counseling clinic in health centers in Mashhad. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2015; 24(120):1-3.
  8. Bagheri A, Abbaszade F, Mehran N. Contraceptive methods in over 35-year old women and their related factors in Kashan, 2007. KAUMS Journal (FEYZ) 2009; 13(1):48-54.
  9. Ergocmen BA, Koc I, Senlet P, Yigit EK, Roman E. A closer look at traditional contraceptive use in Turkey. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 2004; 9(4):221-44.
  10. Abbasi Shavazi MJ, Khademzadeh A. Reasons for choosing intermittent method of contraception among women of reproductive age in Rasht. Journal of Reproduction and Infertility 2002; 5(4):323-337.
  11. Hosseini H, Bagi B. Women’s autonomy and fertility ideals among Kurdish women in the city of Mahabad. Women in Development & Politic 2013; 10(4):54-78.
  12. Choromzadeh R, Akhound M R, Rasekh A. Factors Affecting Women's Birth Intervals: The Case of Women Referred to Health Centers in Ahwaz. Hayat 2015; 20(4):35-50
  13. Ebrahimzadeh F, Hajizadeh E, Vahabi N, Almasian M, Bakhteyar K. Prediction of unwanted pregnancies using logistic regression, probit regression and discriminant analysis. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran 2015; 29:264.
  14. Razavizadeh N, Peykani N. A review of family social studies of fertility regulation and reduction in Iran. Rahborde Farhang 2015; 8(30):35-65.
  15. Hosseini H, Erfani A. Ethnic differences in the attitudes and practice of consanguineous marriage among Kurds and Turks in Uromiyeh District, Iran. Journal of Comparative Family Studies 2014; 45(3):389-403.
  16. Abbasi Shavazi MJ. Convergence of fertility behaviors in Iran: the rate, trend and pattern of fertility in the provinces of Iran in the years 1351 and 1375. Social Sciences Letter 2001; 9(18):201-231.(Persian).
  17. Degnan Kambou S. Exploring Women’s Reproductive Histories Using a Narrative Approach: A Survey Instrument. United States; international center for research on women; 2002.
  18. Hosseinzadeh H, Nuh JS, Sharifi M. Fertility pattern, marriage age and contraceptive methods usage between different ethnic groups in the city of Ahwaz in 1388. Journal of Social Sciences 2010; 4(8):67-96.
  19. Moshrefi M, Mehran A, Gheitoli H. The rate of using different contraception methods among women attending to Tehran south health centers; Iran. Payesh (Health Monitor) 2005; 4(1):11-8.
  20. Afkhamzadeh A, Farhadi M, Mohammadi N. Factors affecting the use of contraceptive methods among married women, Qorveh city, 2014. Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016; 3(3):39-47.
  21. Rakhshani F, Mohammadi M, Mokhtari M, Refahi R. Continuation rate of contraceptive methods and causes of their discontinuation in Zahedan. Journal of Reproduction & Infertility 2002; 3(2).
  22. Hosseini N, Mazloumi SS, Fallahzadeh H, Morovati Sharif Abad MA. Evaluation of continuity and causes related to termination of contraceptive methods in women referring to health centers in Yazd. Journal of Shaeed Sdoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd 2008; 16(1): 75-80.
  23. Paul C, Skegg DC, Williams S. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate: patterns of use and reasons for discontinuation. Contraception 1997; 56(4):209-14.
  24. Cuninngham FG, Williams JW, MCDonald PC, Gant NF. Williams Obstetrics. 20nd ed. Appleton & Lange, 1997.
  25. Hajian KA, Asnafi N, Jelodari Momghani M. The process of seven-year changes in the selection model of preventive methods Pregnancy in the rural population of Babylon. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences 2004; 5(12):19-24.
  26. Abbasi-Shavazi MJ, Hosseini H. Ethnic fertility differentials in Iran: trends and correlates. Iranian Journal of Sociology 2009;8(4):3-6.
  27. Hajjian Karim A. Choice of Contraception Methods And Its Relationship With Age, Number Of Children And Education In Married Women 15-49 Years in the Rural Population of Babol. Journal University of Medical Sciences 2003; 10(1).
  28. Mosher WD, Martinez GM, Chandra A, Abma JC, Willson SJ. Use of contraception and use of family planning services in the United States: 1982-2002. Adv Data 2004; (350):1-36.
  29. Johnson‐Hanks J. On the modernity of traditional contraception: Time and the social context of fertility. Population and Development Review 2002; 28(2):229-49.
  30. Ramezanzadeh F, Mohammadi K, Moayed Mohseni S. Evaluation of the effect and acceptance of injectable methods of contraception with DMPA in Iran. Nabz 1997; 6(11).
  31. Mirmohammadali M, Mirmolaei T, Babaei G, Borghei N. The comparative study of side effect DMPA with OCP (LD) in reproductive women referring to health center in Kalaleh. Journal of hayat 2002; 8(2):21-31.
  32. Ergocmen BA, Koc I, Senlet P, Yigit EK, Roman E. A closer look at traditional contraceptive use in Turkey. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 2004; 9(4):221-44.
  33. Okun BS. Family planning in the Jewish population of Israel: Correlates of withdrawal use. Studies in Family Planning 1997: 215-27.
  34. Nazar Pour S, Azimi H. The Study Of Married Women Using Contraception And Attitudes Towards Family Planning Under 25 Years Of Mazandaran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 2002; 37.