The Effect of Hot Ginger Compress (Zingiber officinale) on the severity of breast Engorgement in Lactating Women

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Assistant professor, Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Pharmacological Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

4 Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

5 Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Breast engorgement is considered as one of the most common postpartum problems and one of the main causes of stopping breast feeding. It may be involved in nipple pain, nipple injury, and breast infections. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to determine the effect of Ginger warm compression on the severity of breast engorgement.
Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 76 lactating women with breast engorgement referred to the obstetrics clinic and gynecology department of Imam Reza Hospital (Mashhad) in 2018. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Ginger warm compress and routine care. Severity of engorgement was determined by engorgement severity standard index. The treatment was performed three days a day for two days in both groups. Data related to the severity of engorgement before and after the intervention was analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and Mann-Whitney, T-Paired, Independent T-test, Chi-square and ANOVA tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Two groups were homogeneous in terms of the mean score of the severity of breast engorgement before the intervention. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the severity of right (p = 0.329) and left (p = 0.549) breast engorgement. The mean of total engorgement after intervention in right and left breast decreased in Ginger compression group and control group, but the effect of breast engorgement severity in Ginger compression group was significantly higher than control group(p<0.001).
Conclusion: Ginger compression is more effective than routine care in decreasing the severity of breast engorgement symptoms in lactating women.

Keywords


  1. Aria KJ, Joybari L, Sanagoo A. The reasons for failure of exclusive breast-feeding in health centers in Gorgan (2000-2001). J Gorgan Univ Med Sci 2001; 3(2):81-6. (Persian).
  2. Cash JC, Glass CA. Family practice guidline. 3rd ed. New York: Springer Publishing Company; 2014.
  3. Cunningham F, Leveno K, Bloom S, Spong CY, Dashe J. Williams obstetrics. 24th ed. New York: Mcgraw-hill; 2014.
  4. Ramezandadeh M. The effect of softening the areola reverse massage with cold compresses on the severity of breast congestion in the postpartum period. [Master Thesis]. Mashhad, Iran: Nursing and Midwifery School of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; 2011. (Persian).
  5. Kamali Moradzade M, Ahmadi M, Heshmat R, Akbarzade Baghban A. Comparing the effect of acupressure and intermittent compress on the severity of breast hyperemia in lactating women. Horizon Med Sci 2013; 18(4):155-60.
  6. Mangesi L, Dowswell T. Treatments for breast engorgement during lactation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 6:CD006946.
  7. Mousavi FS, Golmakani N, Bahrami THR, Saki A, Akhlaghi F. Effects of auriculotherapy on post cesarean anxiety. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2017;20(6):50-60.
  8. Parsa S, Rezasoltany C. Maternal and child health. Tehran: Tehran Publication; 2002. (Persian).
  9. Berens P, Brodribb W, Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. ABM clinical protocol# 20: engorgement, revised 2016. Breastfeed Med 2016; 11(4):159-63
  10. World Health Organization. Breastfeeding promotion and support in a baby-friendly hospital: a 20 hour course for maternity staff. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.
  11. Wight NE. Management of common breastfeeding issues. Pediatr Clin North Am 2001; 48(2):321-44.
  12. Manna M, Podder L, Devi S. Effectiveness of hot fomentation versus cold compression on breast engorgement among postnatal mothers. Int J Nurs Res Pract 2016; 3(1):13-7.
  13. Benzie IF, Wachtel-Galor S. Herbal medicine: biomolecular and clinical aspects. 2nd ed. Florida: CRC Press; 2011.
  14. Ozgoli G, Goli M, Moattar F. Comparison of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. J Altern Complement Med 2009; 15(2):129-32.
  15. Ali BH, Blunden G, Tanira MO, Nemmar A. Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe): a review of recent research. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46(2):409-20.
  16. Yu Y, Zick S, Li X, Zou P, Wright B, Sun D. Examination of the pharmacokinetics of active ingredients of ginger in humans. AAPS J 2011; 13(3):417-26.
  17. Kvist LJ, Wilde Larsson B, Hall‐Lord ML, Rydhstroem H. Effects of acupuncture and care interventions on the outcome of inflammatory symptoms of the breast in lactating women. Int Nurs Rev 2004; 51(1):56-64.
  18. Arora S, Vatsa M, Dadhwal V. A Comparison of Cabbage Leaves vs. Hot and Cold Compresses in the Treatment of Breast Engorgement. Indian J Community Med. 2008;33(3):160-2.
  19. Ketsuwan S, Baiya N, Paritakul P, Laosooksathit W, Puapornpong P. Effect of herbal compresses for maternal breast engorgement at postpartum: a randomized controlled trial. Breastfeed Med 2018; 13(5):361-5.
  20. Khosravan S, Mohammadzadeh-Moghadam H, Mohammadzadeh F, Fadafen SA, Gholami M. The effect of hollyhock (althaea officinalis l) leaf compresses combined with warm and cold compress on breast engorgement in lactating women: a randomized clinical trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2017; 22(1):25-30.
  21. Dehghani M, Babazadeh R, Khadivzadeh T, Azam Pourhosseini S, Esmaeili H. Effect of breast oketani-massage on the severity of breast engorgement. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2017; 20(5):30-8. (Persian).
  22. Minghetti P, Sosa S, Cilurzo F, Casiraghi A, Alberti E, Tubaro A, et al. Evaluation of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of ginger dry extracts from solutions and plasters. Planta Med 2007; 73(15):1525-30.
  23. Yuniarti EV, Windartik E, Akbar A. Effect of red ginger compress to decrease scale of pain gout arthiris patients. Int J Sci Technol Res 2017; 6(10):133-7.