تأثیر امواج الکترومغناطیسی بر پیامدهای بارداری و بعد از تولد: مرور سیستماتیک

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 دکتری بهداشت باروری، گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت‌حیدریه، تربت‌حیدریه، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد مامایی، گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت‌حیدریه، تربت‌حیدریه، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد مامایی، شبکه بهداشت و درمان شیروان، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی خراسان شمالی، بجنورد، ایران.

4 کارشناس ارشد مامایی، بیمارستان رازی تربت‌حیدریه (سازمان تأمین اجتماعی)، تربت‌حیدریه، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: انسان به‌طور دانسته یا ندانسته، هر روز در معرض میدان‌های الکترومغناطیسی قرار می‌گیرد و در عصر حاضر، الکتریسیته جزء جدایی‌ناپذیر زندگی می‌باشد. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف مرور سیستماتیک مطالعات انجام شده در مورد تأثیر امواج الکترومغناطیسی بر پیامدهای بارداری و بعد از تولد انجام شد.
روش‌کار: در این مطالعه مروری که بر اساس گایدلاین PRISMA نگارش شد، تمامی مطالعات کوهورت و مورد - شاهدی از پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی معتبر Scopus، PubMed، Iran Medex، SID، Web of Science، Medlib، Magiran، Science Direct و Google Scholar با کلیدواژه‌های میدان الکترومغناطیسی، تلفن همراه، ایستگاه‌های پایه تلفن همراه، تماشای تلویزیون، استفاده از اینترنت، پیامدهای بارداری، مرگ پری‌ناتال، پره‌اکلامپسی، سرطان‌های دوران کودکی، آسم در فرزندان، نقایص مادرزادی، اختلالات رفتاری و عاطفی و معادل انگلیسی آنها بدون محدودیت زمانی تا مه 2022 جستجو شدند. کیفیت مطالعات با معیار نیوکاسل اتاوا بررسی شد. تجزیه و تحلیل مطالب به‌صورت کیفی صورت گرفت.
یافته­ ها: در این مطالعه 477 مقاله استخراج شد. سپس 10 مطالعه با نمره 6 و بالاتر با معیار نیوکاسل اتاوا، مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بررسی متغیرهای ارزیابی شده در مقالات نشان داد، تماس پدر با امواج الکترومغناطیس با خطر مرگ‌و‌میر پری‌ناتال، پره‌اکلامپسی و نقایص هنگام تولد و مواجهه مادر با خطر آسم، کاهش مایع آمنیوتیک، کاهش مهارت‌های حرکتی، تأخیر رشد عصبی کودکان همراه بوده است، ولی زندگی زنان باردار در مجاورت دکل‌ها، کابل‌های ولتاژ برق بالا و ایستگاه‌های پایه تلفن همراه، باعث افزایش ناهنجاری‌های مادرزادی، سرطان‌های کودکی و مشکلات رفتاری و عاطفی کودکان (مانند بیش‌فعالی، بی‌توجهی) نشد.
نتیجه­ گیری: تماس پدر یا مادر طی بارداری با امواج الکترومغناطیسی می‌تواند باعث مشکلاتی در بارداری و فرزندان آنها شود، لذا توصیه می‌شود تا حد امکان مواجهه با میدان‌های الکترومغناطیسی را کنترل نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) on Pregnancy and Postpartum Outcomes: A Systematic Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morvarid Irani 1
  • Maryam Aradmehr 2
  • Seyyedeh Adeleh Rahmanian 3
  • Sedigheh Ahmadi 4
1 PhD of Reproductive Health, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
2 M.Sc. of Midwifery, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
3 M.Sc. of Midwifery, Shirvan Health and Treatment Network, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran.
4 M.Sc. of Midwifery, Razi Hospital of Torbat Heydariyeh (Social Security Organization), Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Humans knowingly or unknowingly are daily exposed to electromagnetic fields and today electricity is an integral part of life. Therefore, the present study was performed with aim to systematically review the studies on the effect of electromagnetic field on pregnancy and postpartum outcomes.
Methods: In this review article, which was written based on the PRISMA guidelines, all cohort and case and control studies were searched from the databases of Magiran, Medlib, Web of Science, SID, Iran Medex, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with keywords of electromagnetic field, mobile phones, mobile phone base stations, watching TV, using Internet, pregnancy outcome, perinatal mortality, preeclampsia, childhood cancers, asthma in offspring, congenital defects, and behavioral and emotional disorders without time limit until May 2022. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. Content analysis was done qualitatively.
Results: In this study, 477 articles were extracted. Then, 10 studies with a score of 6 and above were examined with the Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. A review of the evaluated variables in the articles showed that father's exposure to electromagnetic field has been associated with the risk of perinatal mortality, preeclampsia and congenital defects, and the mother's exposure was associated with the risk of asthma, amniotic fluid reduction, decreased motor skills, and delayed neurodevelopment of children. But the pregnant women's living in the vicinity of masts, high voltage cables and mobile phone base stations did not increase congenital anomalies, childhood cancers and behavioral and emotional problems (such as hyperactivity, inattention) in children.
Conclusion: Contact of father or mother with electromagnetic waves during pregnancy can cause problems in pregnancy and their children. Therefore, it is recommended to control exposure to electromagnetic fields as much as possible.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Abnormality
  • Electromagnetic waves
  • Postpartum Period
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy outcomes

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مجله زنان، مامایی و نازایی ایران
دوره 26، شماره 6
شهریور 1402
صفحه 114-125

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