Introduction: The Intrauterine Device (IUD) is the most cost-effective method of contraception. The use of the IUD in relation to other contraceptive methods is reported to low in some countries such as Iran. The factors that influencing IUD insertion behavior can be mentioned: individual, social and environmental factors. This study investigated the predictors of IUD insertion behavior in women of reproductive age in Mashhad using the theory of planned behavior.
Methods: In this correlational study, 400 women who were referred to public health centers were studied in Mashhad, Iran, 2012-2013. A stratified cluster sampling method was used. Data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, the questionnaire related IUD knowledge and a researcher-made questionnaire.  Reliability and content validity of questionnaires were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.75-0.94). IUD insertion behavior was measured after 3 months. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 11.5 and descriptive statistical tests such as Spearman correlation coefficient and linear and logistic regression tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of women was 27.8±5.01 years. Structure of planned behavior predicted 36% and 14% of the variance of intention and IUD insertion behavior, respectively. Subjective norms (β=0.213) and intention (β=0.179) were the most significant predictor of IUD insertion behavior.
Conclusion: Theory of planned behavior offered a good prediction of IUD insertion behavior intentions but falls short in predicting IUD insertion behavior.