The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility

The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility

The role of carbohydrates and dietary energy intake in functional ovarian cysts

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Elham Fazeli 1
Mahin Tafazzoli 2
Salmeh Dadgar 3
Farnaz Seyed Ahmadinezhad 4
1 PhD student of Reproduction Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2 Instructor of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ovulation Disorders Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4 M.Sc. Student of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
10.22038/ijogi.2015.4669
Abstract
Introduction: Ovarian cysts are considered as the common and important diseases in women. The amount of Carbohydrates affects blood glucose and insulin levels and insulin affects ovarian function through changes in sexual hormones and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). This study was conducted with aim to determine the relationship between carbohydrates and dietary energy intake with functional ovarian cysts in women at reproductive age.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on 264 women (132 with Follicular cyst and 132 as control group) referred to Ghaem, Imam Reza, and Omolbanin hospitals, Mashhad in 2014. Data was collected using individual, medical and midwifery questionnaire. The amount of carbohydrate and dietary energy intake was measured by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 16) and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient tests and t-test and Chi-square test. PResults: In this study, the mean amount of used carbohydrates and calories was higher in women with functional ovarian cysts, but this difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). But, the amount of used carbohydrates and energy intake was higher in women with ovarian cyst. 
Conclusion: Due to the higher levels of dietary carbohydrates and energy intake in women with functional ovarian cysts, it is essential to train women in reproductive age. Also, it is recommended that the study be performed as prospective.
Keywords
Calorie
Carbohydrate
Case-control study
Dietary
energy
Ovarian cyst
  1. Hazhir MS, Reshadmanesh N, Shahsavari S, Senobar Tahaee N, Rashidi k. Survey of the nutritional regimen of the female students in Kurdistan University of medical sciences regarding energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intake in the second half of 1384 . Scientific J Kurdistan University Med Sci 2006;11(3):26-34. [Persian]
  2. Mohammad Jafari R, Soltani F, Saadati N. Survey of Persistent Ovarian Cysts Refered to Ahvaz Imam Khomaini Hospital . Sci Med J . 2010;9(2):175-81. [Persian]
  3. Berek JS. Endocrine dysfunctions. In: Huang I, editors Berk and Novak’s Gynecology. 14th  edi. Philadelphia: Lppincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007.
  4. Vanholder T, Opsomer G, De Kruif A. Aetiology and pathogenesis of cystic ovarian follicles in dairy cattle: a review. Reprod Nutr Dev 2006; 46(2): 105-19.
  5. Kushi LH, Mink PJ, Folsom AR, Anderson KE, Zheng W, Lazovich D, et al. Prospective study of diet and ovarian cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149(1): 21–31.
  6. Engle A, Muscat JE, Harris RE. Nutritional risk factors and ovarian cancer. Nutr Cancer 1991; 15(3-4):  239–47.
  7. Byers T, Marshall J, Graham S, Mettlin C, Swanson M. A case–control study of dietary and non-dietary factors in ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 71(4): 681–6.
  8. Bidoli E, La Vecchia C, Montella M, Maso LD, conti E, Negri E, et al. Nutrient intake and ovarian cancer: an Italian case–control study. Cancer Causes Control 2002; 13(3): 255–61.
  9. Jenkins DJA, Wolever TMS, Taylor RH, Barker H, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34(3): 362–6.
  10. Stoll BA. Western nutrition and the insulin resistance syndrome: a link to breast cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;  53(2): 83–7.
  11. Crowe MA. Resumption of ovarian cyclicity in post‐partum beef and dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 66(8): 1866-75.
  12. Dobson H, Nanda AS. Reliability of cyst diagnosis and effect of energy status on LH released by estradiol or GnRH in cows with ovarian cysts. Theriogenology 1992;37(2):465-72.
  13. Beam SW, Butler WR. Energy balance and ovarian follicle development prior to the first ovulation postpartum in dairy cows receiving three levels of dietary fat. Biol Reprod  1997; 56(1): 133-42.
  14. Opsomer G, Coryn M, Deluyker H, de Kruif A. An Analysis of Ovarian Dysfunction in High Yielding Dairy Cows After Calving Based on Progesterone Profiles. Reprod  Domestic Anim 1998; 33(3‐4): 193-204.
  15. Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Saadati N, Azizi F. Assessing the adequacy of the diet of adult Tehran: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Payesh. 2003;2(3):215-23.  [Persian]
  16. Chiaffarino F, Parazzini F, Surace M, Benzi G, Chiantera V, La Vecchia C. Diet and risk of seromucinous benign ovarian cysts. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2003;  110(2): 196-200.
  17. Rajaei SS, Zahedi M, Sarraf Zadegan N, Azadbakht L, Esmaeilzadeh A. Dietary energy density is associated with metabolic syndrome in women. Health Syst Res J 2011;6(4):613-25 . [Persian]
  18. Dorosty Motlagh A.R., Tabatabaei M. Food Composition Tables. 1st ed. Tehran, Iran: Doniaie Taghzie; 2007. [Persian]
  19. Nematy M, Noori M, Ghazizahedi S, Nourouzy A, Mohajeri SAR, Shalaei N, et al. Validity and reproducibility of iranian food frequency questionnaire-.Switzerland Res Park J 2013; 102(12): 2137-46.
  20. Augustin L, Polesel J, Bosetti C, Kendall C, La Vecchia C, Parpinel M, et al. Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and ovarian cancer risk: a case–control study in Italy. Ann Onc. 2003; 14(1): 78-84.     
  21. Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Jenkins AL. Starchy foods and glycemic index. Diabetes Care 1988; 11(2): 149–59.
  22. Franceschi S, Dal Maso L, Augustin L,Negri E, Parpinel M, Boyle P, et al. Dietary glycemic load and colorectal cancer risk. Ann Oncol  2001; 12(2): 173–8.
  23. Giovannucci E. Insulin and colon cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1995;  6(2): 164–79.
  24. Tran TT, Medline A, Bruce WR. Insulin promotion of colon tumors in rats. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996; 5(12): 1013–5.
  25. Yu H, Rohan T. Role of insulin-like growth factor family in cancer development and progression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92(18): 1472–89.
  26. Risch HA. Hormonal etiology of epithelial ovarian cancer, with a hypothesis concerning the role of androgens and progesterone. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90(23): 1774–86.