The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility

The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility

Comparison between Placing Surgical Sponges on both Sides of Uterus and Reverse Trendelenburg Position of 30 Degree to Reduce the Incidence of Shoulder Pain after Cesarean Section with Spinal Anesthesia

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Maryam Mortazavi Lahijani 1
Azita Manshoori 1
Mahdi Ghahremani 2
Zahra Asadollahi 3
Mohammadreza Shafiepour 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
3 Lecturer, Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
10.22038/ijogi.2014.2854
Abstract
Introduction: Shoulder pain is one of the most common complaints after cesarean section that sometimes may be serious and cause malfunction of mothers in breastfeeding and neonatal care. As one of the causes of shoulder pain is referred pain caused by diaphragm irritation due to existence of blood and amniotic fluid in the peritoneal cavity after surgery, we decided to investigate the comparison between placing surgical sponges on both sides of uterus and reverse trendelenburg position of 30 degree to reduce the incidence of shoulder pain after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia.
Methods: This three blind clinical trial was conducted on 201 women undergoing cesarean section in Niknafas hospital of Rafsanjan, Iran in 2011. Women were randomly divided into three groups. Surgeries were performed by two surgeons equally in each group. In group A, spinal anesthesia was performed and 2 surgical sponges with a radio opaque line impregnated with normal saline were placed on both sides of uterus and operation continued in supine position with no angle with horizon line. In group B, patients were operated in reverse trendelenburg position of 30 degree to horizon line without placing surgical sponges. In group C, cesarean was performed without any surgical sponges and in supine position. Severity of shoulder pain was assessed 24 hours after surgery in right, left or both shoulders in all patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18) and one way ANOVA, chi-square, Post-hoc tests and t-test. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Mean of pain severity had no significant differences between the three sites of pain (p=0.728). No significant differences were observed in pain severity between the three groups (p=0.111) and between the operations were performed by the two surgeons (p=0.430).
Conclusion: According to no statistically significant difference between groups in pain severity, there might be another agent exclusive of blood and amniotic fluid that irritates diaphragm and cause shoulder pain.
Keywords
Shoulder pain
Anesthesia/Spinal
Cesarean section
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