Effectiveness of Sexual and Behavioral Recommendation in Patients with High Risk Human Papillomavirus on Co-testing and Pap Smear Results

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2 Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

10.22038/ijogi.2025.80082.6095

Abstract

Introduction: Considering the importance and relatively high prevalence of papillomavirus and the possibility of contracting cervical cancer and the influence of individual and social factors on it, this study was conducted with aim to evaluate the effectiveness of sexual and behavioral recommendations in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV).
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 146 women with HR-HPV of CIN I type referred to Imam Hossein (AS) Hospital in Tehran during 2022-2023 who met the inclusion criteria were selected by available method. Two 15-minute sessions (with one-week interval) of in-person sexual and behavioral advices were held. Before and one year after educational interventions, co-test and Pap smear results were compared. The data analysis was conducted using the SPSS statistical software (version 23) and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The positive effectiveness of the interventions was observed in 112 people (76.7%). The prevalence of HPV-negative cases after educational interventions based on Co-testing results in those who quit hookah only, those who modified their multi-partner status, and those who adhered to both interventions were 86.3%, 68.9%, and 70.0 %, respectively (p=0.010). According to Pap smear results, the prevalence rates were 93.1%, 72.4%, and 60.0% in the respective groups (p=0.043).
Conclusion: Carrying out sexual and behavioral recommendations, especially quitting hookah and correcting the multi-partner situation, is effective on the severity of the disease of HR-HPV sufferers.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Bagherinia M, Dolatian M, Mahmoodi Z, Ozgoli G. Prevalence of genital human papillomavirus in suburban women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2023; 26(7):80-93.
  2. Alizadeh L, Alamolhoda SH. The role of antioxidants and the risk of human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2023; 26(1):84-93.
  3. Alizadeh L, Ghahremani F, Khalili SM, Havaei M, Hajirafiei E, Riazi H, et al. The association of human papillomavirus vaccine with premature ovarian failure: a systematic review. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2022; 25(12):114-123.
  4. Kohan S, Taeri K, Boroumandfar Z. Effect of educational intervention based on perceived benefits and barriers on human papillomavirus inoculation in vulnerable women: Application of health belief model. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2020; 23(7):78-87.
  5. Azuogu BN, Umeokonkwo CD, Azuogu VC, Onwe OE, Okedo-Alex IN, Egbuji CC. Appraisal of willingness to vaccinate daughters with human papilloma virus vaccine and cervical cancer screening uptake among mothers of adolescent students in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Nigerian journal of clinical practice 2019; 22(9):1286-91.
  6. Ralaidovy AH, Gopalappa C, Ilbawi A, Pretorius C, Lauer JA. Cost-effective interventions for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer: new results from WHO-CHOICE. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2018; 16:1-4.
  7. Nejati A, Mirteimouri M, Nikdoust S, Nikdoust M, Alizadeh F. Human papillomavirus (HPV) test and pap smear in screening for cervical cancer: a systematic review on systematic review study. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2020; 23(7):88-96.
  8. Moniri Javadhesari S, Khakpour K, Pourseif S, Mozaffari H. Common genotypes of human papillomavirus in East Azerbaijan population using HPV Direct Flow CHIP Kit. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2020; 23(5):18-25.
  9. Guo S, Hao Y, Brown S. Identification of biomarker and HPV strain for Cervical Cancer from pre-existing RNAseq data. bioRxiv 2018: 355040.
  10. Pourseify GR, Mehrafza M, Raoufi A, Nikpouri Z, Askari M, Hosseinzadeh E, et al. The Prevalence of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Type 16 and 18 in Women in Rasht-Iran. Journal of Midwifery & Reproductive Health 2021; 9(3).
  11. Mahmoudi P, Karimi E, Rezaei M. Improvement for rapid diagnosis of cervical cancer (Intra-epithelial) based on human Papilloma Virus type 16 and 18 using electrochemical biosensor. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2019; 22(4):87-96.
  12. Malakouti J, Mirghafourvand M, Gorbani M, Salehi Poormehr H, Pourasad Shahrak S, Jafari Shabiri M. Incidence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and its relevant factors among women referring to Alzahra Therapeutic-Educational Center of Tabriz, September 2013 to March 2014. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2016; 18(185):16-22.
  13. Attari SM, Alizadeh N, Sharami SH, Heirati SF, Kabodmehri R, Rafiei E. The relationship between socio-demographic and midwifery factors with delay in seeking help for genital warts patients. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 2022; 25(6):71-78.
  14. The American Cancer Society. What are the key statistics about cervical cancer? Available from: http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/CervicalCancer /DetailedGuide/cervicalcancer-key-statistics/2012.
  15. Salavatiha Z, Farahmand M, Shoja Z, Jalilvand S. A meta‐analysis of human papillomavirus prevalence and types among Iranian women with normal cervical cytology, premalignant lesions, and cervical cancer. Journal of Medical Virology 2021; 93(8):4647-58.
  16. Izadi S, Shakerian S. Performance indicators of cervical cancer screening program based on the guidelines of iran ministry of health and medical education. International Journal of Cancer Management 2021; 14(2).
  17. Jalil AT, Karevskiy A. The cervical cancer (CC) epidemiology and human papillomavirus (HPV) in the middle east. International Journal of Environment, Engineering & Education 2020; 2(2):7-12.
  18. Sheikhlou M, Sahbahi F, Hejazi S. Effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on sexual function of women with human papillomavirus referred to the behavioral diseases clinics of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1400. Journal of Nursing Education 2022; 11(5):46-57.
  19. Li D, Fu L, Yang Y, An R. Social media-assisted interventions on human papillomavirus and vaccination-related knowledge, intention and behavior: a scoping review. Health Education Research 2022; 37(2):104-32.
  20. Ferreira HL, Siqueira CM, Sousa LB, Nicolau AI, Lima TM, Aquino PD, et al. Effect of educational intervention for compliance of school adolescents with the human papillomavirus vaccine. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 2022; 56:e20220082.
  21. Belavic A, Pavic Simetin I. Educational intervention for increasing knowledge of human papillomavirus and vaccination amongst parents of first year high school students in Croatia. Journal of Public Health 2022; 44(1):165-73.
  22. John-Akinola YO, Ndikom CM, Oluwasanu MM, Adebisi T, Odukoya O. Cervical cancer and human papillomavirus vaccine knowledge, utilisation, prevention educational interventions and policy response in Nigeria: a scoping review. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221130180.
  23. Aguayo F, Muñoz JP, Perez-Dominguez F, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Oliva C, Calaf GM, et al. High-risk human papillomavirus and tobacco smoke interactions in epithelial carcinogenesis. Cancers 2020; 12(8):2201.
  24. Tarney CM, Beltran TA, Klaric J, Han JJ. Tobacco use and prevalence of human papillomavirus in self-collected cervicovaginal swabs between 2009 and 2014. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2018; 132(1):45-51.
  25. Matsumoto K, Oki A, Furuta R, Maeda H, Yasugi T, Takatsuka N, et al. Tobacco smoking and regression of low‐grade cervical abnormalities. Cancer science 2010; 101(9):2065-73.
  26. Wright JD, Li J, Gerhard DS, Zhang Z, Huettner PC, Powell MA, et al. Human papillomavirus type and tobacco use as predictors of survival in early stage cervical carcinoma. Gynecologic oncology 2005; 98(1):84-91.
  27. Hosseini Z, Seyrafi N, Aghamolaei T, Mohseni S, Alavi A, Dadipoor S. The effectiveness of a model-based health education program on genital warts preventive behaviors: a quasi-experimental study. Infectious Agents and Cancer 2021; 16:1-11.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 28, Issue 1
March 2025
Pages 1-11

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics