The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility

The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility

Cytomegalovirus and its role in congenital infection: A narrative-review study

Document Type : Review Article

Authors
Negar Mirsalehi 1
Talat Mokhtari-Azad 2
Jila Yavarian 3
Soamyeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi 4
Parastoo Hosseini 5
Nazanin-Zahra Shafiei-Jandaghi 3
1 M.Sc. student of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate professor, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant professor, Department of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
5 PhD student of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
10.22038/ijogi.2020.17083
Abstract
Introduction: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of congenital infection worldwide. HCMV seroprevalence is higher in Asian regions than in European societies. Pregnant women can transmit the virus to their fetuses depending on the type of infection (primary or non-primary). Congenital HCMV infection is the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children. Given the importance of HCMV, this narrative-review study was performed with aim to determine the role of HCMV in congenital infection.
Methods: In this narrative-review study, to find the related articles, the English and Persian databases including Google Scholar, PubMed and Magiran were searched from 2002 to 2019. The keywords of cytomegalovirus, congenital cytomegalovirus infection, diagnosis and prevalence both in Persian and English and also their combination used.
Results: Developing countries estimated that the incidence of HCMV congenital infection is 6%-14%. While in developed countries such as Western Europe, United States, Canada and Australia, the incidence rate is 0.5-0.7%. Although HCMV infection is a significant cause of hearing loss and disability in children, there is still little awareness among general population and some physicians in this field. Several European countries routinely screen the pregnant women for HCMV but this screening is not currently performed in Iran.  
Conclusion: The studies in different societies highlighted the importance of congenital HCMV infection and its long-term complications in infants.
Keywords
Congenital infection
Cytomegalovirus
Prevalence
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The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Volume 23, Issue 7
September 2020
Pages 97-108