The Effect of Premenstrual Syndrome on Short Term, Long Term and Prospective Memory in Affected Women
Hossein
Zareh
Assistant Prof., Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
author
Shirin
Taraj
Instructor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2009
per
Introduction:Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has various effects on the life style of women. Our aim was to study the effect of PMS on long term, short term and prospective memory of affected individuals.
Methods:This experimental and field study enrolled 60 women suffering from PMS who were tested before and after menstrual cycle. The mean age of participants was 33 years old. For the test of long and short term memory we used 30 word learning task (30-WLT). The prospective memory was tested by performing a specified action. The obtained results were analyzed with t-test and covariance analysis.
Results:The obtained results in this research showed that PMS decreased short and long term memory functions (p<0.001), but it did not affect the prospective memory.
Conclusion:PMS is not only a kind of mood disorder that results in memory dysfunction but also may be accompanied by diseases as its background. So, the control and treatment of the various psychological and physical complications of PMS, as one of the most common conditions affecting women, are recommended to improve the achievements in the fields of work, education and social interactions.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
1680-2993
12
v.
3
no.
2009
1
8
https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_5882_51e7a550f0089c912f8778f76290d1e1.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijogi.2009.5882
Prevalence of Maternal Blues, Postpartum Depression and Their Correlation with Premenstrual Syndrome in Women Refferred to Health Centers Affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences
Razieh
Bagherzadeh
Faculty Member of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
author
Nasrin
Zahmatkeshan
Faculty Member of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
author
Niloofar
Moatamed
Assistant Prof., Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
author
Rozita
Khorramroudi
Faculty Member of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
author
Mahasty
Ganjoo
Faculty Member of Community Health Management, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
author
text
article
2009
per
Introduction: Postpartum blues is a mild mood disorder that may progress to postpartum depression which could be life threatening to both mother and infant. So prediction and recognition of this mood disorder could be an important contribution to mothers in postpartum period. The goal of this study was evaluation of the correlation between postpartum depression, maternal blues and premenstrual syndrome in women referred to the health centers affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed to assess the correlation between premenstrual syndrome, maternal blues and postpartum depression in women referred to health centers affiliated to the Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. 400 women in the first trimester of pregnancy were enrolled in the study by simple sampling. Data were collected from the questionnaires of demographic characteristics and two questionnaires of premenstrual syndrome, maternal blues and postpartum depression, the latter was filled 10 days following labor. The gathered data were analyzed by descriptive analytical parameters.
Results: The incidence of premenstrual syndrome was 35.5% while maternal blues was shown in 29% of participating women. Postpartum depression was seen in 15.5% of women in our study. There was no significant correlation between premenstrual syndrome and factors such as age, age at marriage, occupation, level of education, number of pregnancy, intake of psychotic drugs and level of satisfaction with marriage. However, there were a significant relationship between premenstrual syndrome of enrolled women with low parity (p=0.023) and history of gynecologic disease (p=0.013). There was no significant correlation between the incidence of maternal blues and postpartum depression with the above mentioned factors studied. Correlation tests of Pierson and Chi square indicated a positive and significant relationship between premenstrual syndrome with maternal blues and postpartum depression (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Premenstrual syndrome and postpartum blues were relatively prevalent among the women enrolled in our study. The premenstrual syndrome could be a predictive factor in maternal blues and postpartum depression. The consideration of premenstrual syndrome could be useful in recognition of women at higher risk of maternal blues and postpartum depression.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
1680-2993
12
v.
3
no.
2009
9
15
https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_5883_5d6c48eb821cabd1a395dcf89a5cb489.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijogi.2009.5883
Accuracy of Amsel's Criteria in the Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis (Preliminary Report)
Minoo
Yaghmaei
Assistant Prof., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ali-Ebne-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
author
Farshid
Arbabi Kalati
Assistant Prof., Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ali-Ebne-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
author
Mahdi
Jahantigh
Assistant Prof., Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ali-Ebne-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
author
Masoud
Roudbari
Associate Prof., Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Baharak
Soltani
Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ali-Ebne-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
author
text
article
2009
per
Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in fertile women. Although the gram staining of vaginal discharge (Nugent score) is believed to be the gold standard for diagnosis BV but Amsel's criteria are recommended for the clinical diagnosis of BV. The aim of this study was to determine the role of each of Amsel's criteria in the diagnosis of BV.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 69 women with abnormal vaginal discharge. Samples of vaginal discharge were tested for BV infection using both Amsel's criteria and Nugent score. Considering Nugent score as the gold standard sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, positive and negative predictive value, area under curve of each Amsel's criteria and combinations of two criteria were estimated.
Results: The prevalence of BV was 42% in our study. Vaginal pH and clue cell were the criteria with the highest sensitivity (83%) and specificity (84%), respectively. Also the sensitivity and specificity of combination of any two criteria ranged from 24% to 62% and 70% to 87%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Amsel's criteria was 55% and 73% respectively.
Conclusion: In this study we compared the results of combination of two of Amsel's criteria for diagnosis of BV while the Nugent score was considered as the gold standard. The findings of the present study showed that we can use pH of vaginal discharge for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis at first and if the result is negative, the diagnosis can be ruled out. If the pH test becomes positive, another component of Amsel should be tried while two positive components confirm the diagnosis of BV and specific treatment could be started. If the second component is negative we should use another component of Amsel for diagnosis or ruling out of the disease.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
1680-2993
12
v.
3
no.
2009
17
22
https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_5884_faf3845d0383fc07cfed0ba3c157cb00.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijogi.2009.5884
The Association of Reproductive and Menstrual Factors and Oral Contraceptive Usage with Colon Cancer; "A Case-Control Study in North East of Iran"
Hassan
Vossoughinia
Assistant Prof., Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Narjess-Khatoon
Ayati
Resident, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mohamad Taghi
Shakeri
Assistant Prof., Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2009
per
Introduction: Colon cancer is one of the cancers which are strongly influenced by environmental factors. In 1980, "feminine sex hormones" were suggested as factors that might be related with colon cancer and many studies have been performed since then. The present case-control study investigated the correlation of menstrual, reproductive and oral contraceptive (OCP) factors with colon cancer in women older than 45 years old who had colon cancer.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in two major hospitals of Mashhad. It enrolled 83 women with colon cancer in the study group and 99 women who were admitted to Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals for the conditions unrelated to gastrointestinal and gynecological diseases in the control group. The median age of the participants was at least 45 years old.
Factors such as parity, age at first full-term pregnancy, number of abortions, age at menopause and duration of OCP usage (in years) were compared between the two groups.
Results: There was a significant trend of decreasing colon cancer risk with increased parity (p=0.01). Age at first pregnancy was directly associated with the risk of development of colon cancer (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in number of abortions between those two groups of our study. (p>0.1) Also there was no significant correlation of the age at menopause of older than 50 years and OCP usage with the risk of development of colon cancer (p>0.1, p>0.1, respectively).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it seems that the relationship between reproductive factors and colon cancer is more prominent than menstrual factors and OCP usage, but verification or rejection of this conclusion needs stronger and more consistent evidences.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
1680-2993
12
v.
3
no.
2009
23
28
https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_5885_4db0cb065d3bb1b78dfc5625abeaf7e6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijogi.2009.5885
Parametric Estimation of Age Patterns at Natural Menopause in Shahrood; Semnan Province, Iran, 2007
Seyed Mahdi
Sadat-Hashemi
Assistant Prof., Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
author
Raheb
Ghorbani
Associate Prof., Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
author
Hamid
Kalalian
Faculty Member, Department of Physiology, Shahrood Faculty of Medicine, Shahrood, Iran
author
Hesamedin
Askari Majdabadi
Faculty Member, Department of Health Education, Faculty of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
author
Behrooz
Kaveei
PhD in Biostatistics, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
author
Farideh
Khalajabadi Farahani
PhD in Reproductive Health, Researcher, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2009
per
Introduction: Menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from the loss of ovarian follicular activity which is recognized to have occurred after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea, for which there is no other obvious pathological or physiological cause. It leads to changes in the quality of life, osteoporosis and heart diseases in affected women. In this paper the pattern of age of natural menopause in Shahrood (in Semnan province, Iran) was studied.
Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 1392 women who were 30 years old or older. They were randomly selected using a cluster sampling method and interviewed to fill out a questionnaire including required data. An exclusion criterion was the presence of abnormal menopause due to surgery. Finally 1338 women remained in the study and the pattern of the age of menopause was estimated for them calculating the prevalence of menopause in each age group.
Results: Mean and median ages at natural menopause were 53.2 5.7 and 50.7 years respectively. The prevalence of menopause was low from age 30 to 42, but it showed a steady increase to the age of 54 years old. The prevalence of natural menopause slowed down after the age of 54 in our study.
Conclusion: Findings of our study showed that mean age at natural menopause in Shahrood is higher than other regions of Iran. However, careful estimation of age at natural menopause needs further studies using appropriate methodology in other regions of Iran.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
1680-2993
12
v.
3
no.
2009
29
35
https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_5886_4e64f1144a0127943d57ec7be5daf63b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijogi.2009.5886
Medical Abortion at First Trimester of Pregnancy with Misoprostol
Maliheh
Hasanzadeh
Assistant Prof., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Fatemeh
Vahid Roudsari
Associate Prof., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Fatemeh
Naghedi
Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Sedigheh
Ayati
Associate Prof., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mohammad Taghi
Shakeri
Associate Prof., Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2009
per
Introduction: Exercise could play an important role in health keeping during pregnancy. Few studies have been done to elucidate the causes of these effects of exercise in pregnancy outcomes in women. Due to the probability of poor outcomes of pregnancy accompanied by economic, physical and psychological consequences this research was carried out in order to investigate the effects of some simple exercises and proper daily activity on the outcome of pregnancy.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 138 of pregnant women that were in eighth to twelfth weeks of their pregnancy who referred to the either health centers or the clinics of gynecologists for control of pregnancy. They were selected by block sampling methods. After thorough explanation of the goals of the study and obtaining the written consent, the enrolled women were randomly attributed into two study and control groups. The study group included 66 women and control group included 72 women. The research had four stages: 1) taking history, 2) a teaching program for study group, 3) collecting data, 4) assessment and analyzing data using Chi-square and T tests.
The enrolled women in the study group did 60 minutes of light aerobic exercises for every other day for 30 weeks.
Results: The enrolled women in the study and control groups had normal labor in 98.4% and 61.1%, respectively. The Chi-square test showed significant differences between both groups based on parturition sort (χ2=14.5, p<0.05). Odd ratio of natural parturition in the study group was 5.36. The T test showed the significant statistical difference between both groups on the first minute Apgar score (P<0.009, t=0.85) and the fifth minute Apgar score (P<0.001; t=2.80). But there was no significant difference of the average weight gain of enrolled women during pregnancy between two groups.
Conclusion: Findings of our study showed that doing exercises during pregnancy period not only resulted in no harm to the mother and fetus but also improved outcome of pregnancy.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
1680-2993
12
v.
3
no.
2009
45
49
https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_5887_4021426de043df7aaa6a7dfd6f810481.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijogi.2009.5887
The Effect of Simple Exercise Maneuvers and Proper Performance of Daily Activity on Outcome of Pregnancy
Solyman
Zand
Instructor, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
author
Ashraf
Zamani
Assistant Pref., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
author
text
article
2009
per
Introduction: Exercise could play an important role in health keeping during pregnancy. Few studies have been done to elucidate the causes of these effects of exercise in pregnancy outcomes in women. Due to the probability of poor outcomes of pregnancy accompanied by economic, physical and psychological consequences this research was carried out in order to investigate the effects of some simple exercises and proper daily activity on the outcome of pregnancy.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 138 of pregnant women that were in eighth to twelfth weeks of their pregnancy who referred to the either health centers or the clinics of gynecologists for control of pregnancy. They were selected by block sampling methods. After thorough explanation of the goals of the study and obtaining the written consent, the enrolled women were randomly attributed into two study and control groups. The study group included 66 women and control group included 72 women. The research had four stages: 1) taking history, 2) a teaching program for study group, 3) collecting data, 4) assessment and analyzing data using Chi-square and T tests.
The enrolled women in the study group did 60 minutes of light aerobic exercises for every other day for 30 weeks.
Results: The enrolled women in the study and control groups had normal labor in 98.4% and 61.1%, respectively. The Chi-square test showed significant differences between both groups based on parturition sort (χ2=14.5, p<0.05). Odd ratio of natural parturition in the study group was 5.36. The T test showed the significant statistical difference between both groups on the first minute Apgar score (P<0.009, t=0.85) and the fifth minute Apgar score (P<0.001; t=2.80). But there was no significant difference of the average weight gain of enrolled women during pregnancy between two groups.
Conclusion: Findings of our study showed that doing exercises during pregnancy period not only resulted in no harm to the mother and fetus but also improved outcome of pregnancy.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
1680-2993
12
v.
3
no.
2009
51
57
https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_5888_9bac7a5368c812a7066d0cb50e399efb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijogi.2009.5888