Trends in the Treatment and Clinical Presentations of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy in Imam Reza Hospital of Kermanshah, Iran (2007-2011)
Anisodoleh
Nankali
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity Research Center, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
author
Nooshin
Shirzadi
General Physician, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
author
Mansoor
Rezaei
Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
author
Sara
Daeichin
B.Sc. Student of Midwifery, Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
per
Introduction: 1.2-1.4% of all reported pregnancies are ectopic. Ectopic pregnancy (EP) constitutes a major cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester of pregnancy and its incidence is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends in management and clinical presentations of tubal ectopic pregnancy. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on women with tubal ectopic pregnancy who referred to Imam Reza hospital of Kermanshah, Iran during 2007-2011. Demographic information and variables such as maternal age, gestational age, gravidity and parity were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16, chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The most frequent ectopic pregnancy was observed in the 26-30 years age group. The most of the EP were admitted in 2011 (29%) and the least were in 2007 (15.5%). 228 patients (57%) were multiparous and thee mean of gestational age was 6.52±2.72 weeks. The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain (74.0%) and then vaginal bleeding, amenorrhea and shock, respectively. The variables of trends in treatment (p=0.001) and bleeding (p=0.03) were statistically significant during the 5 years of study. The most common site of EP was in ampulla (50.0%) and 227 patients (56.8%) were treated surgically. The most common method of surgery was salpingectomy (75.8%). 49.1% of patients was treated with a single-dose methotrexate protocol were applied. Conclusion: The results showed that patients with EP have been rising during the period of study. The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Trends in the treatment were developed to increase using medical treatment and decrease in surgical treatment.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
1680-2993
17
v.
95
no.
2014
1
7
https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_2800_5ccfac578f5e2f3bd5bb815abb17548a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijogi.2014.2800
The New Guideline for Cervical Cancer Screening in Low Risk Iranian Women
Nahid
Khodakarami
Ph.D. Student of Cancer Management, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Farah
Farzaneh
Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Parvin
Yavari
Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Maryam
Khayamzadeh
Specialist of Community Medicine, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Robabeh
Taheripanah
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Mohamad
Esmaeil Akbari
Professor of Oncology Surgery, Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
per
Introduction: The incidence rate of cervical cancer is lower in Iran compare to other countries; however, because of higher risk of cervical cancer deaths in this region, a cervical cancer screening program seems to be required. The aim of this study was to provide an organized approach to prevention and control of cervical cancer which could be feasible in other Muslim societies. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of previous studies related to cervical cancer in Iran and reviewing the foreign country's guidelines. 190 articles about cervical cancer in Iran from 1971 to 2013 were studied. 13 articles were related to the data that we needed for developing the recommendation questions. We also reviewed the guidelines of World Health Organization and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), GLOBOCON report, Iran Ministry of Health cancer registry report and 8 available foreign developed countries guidelines. Documents and papers with highest level and consistent with the aims of this review were selected and the Iran cervical cancer screening program was conducted by using the practical guideline development cycle. A questionnaire that included questions which have been answered in the guideline was designed. Expert panel make a decision for the necessity of cervical cancer screening program for Iran. Results: We recommended an organized screening program with cytologic evaluation (Pap smear) that would be start at age 30, continued for every 5 years. The age for ending the screening is 69 years. There is no need to do screening for pregnant women and women who had hysterectomy. Conclusion: Organized cervical cancer screening is a necessity for Iran, because we could not ignore more than 500-900 new cases with invasive cervical cancer that have been diagnosed every year in Iran.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
1680-2993
17
v.
95
no.
2014
8
17
https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_2801_b4639b22d98ae993a7c6bbc8dfb7d632.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijogi.2014.2801
Assessment of Effects of Kegel Exercises on Reduction of Perineal Pain after Episiotomy in Primiparous Women
Fatemeh
Mahmoodi
M.Sc. of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery of Abadan, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, International Branch of Arvand Abadan, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
Asieh
Mobaraki
M.Sc. of Nursing, School of Paramedicine, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran.
author
text
article
2014
per
Introduction: Episiotomy is the most common surgery among women and pain resulted from episiotomy have been reported over 60%. The lack of effective control on pelvic and perineal body causes undesirable psychological and physiological effects. This study carried out with the aim of assessment of the effects of Kegel exercises on reduction of post episiotomy pain in primiparous women. Methods: This single blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 64 primiparous women referred to Imam Sajjad hospital of Yasouj, Iran in 2011 for delivery and episiotomy was performed for them. Women were randomly divided into two groups of case and control. Routine care and Kegel exercises were done for case group and routine care for control group. Data were gathered using a questionnaire and pain visual analogue scale. Pain severity, oral analgesic dose and frequency of analgesic use (mefenamic acid) were evaluated during the first 48 hours in both groups. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 16, independent t-test and Pearson tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean of pain severity after episiotomy based on visual analogue scale were 5.9±0.8 and 7.9±0.5 in the case and control groups, respectively. Mean of analgesic dose in case and control groups were respectively 0.29±0.80 and 1.16±1.39 mg per each time and frequency of analgesic use were respectively 0.94±0.92 and 4.09±1.03 times in case and control groups. Pain severity, oral analgesic dose and frequency of analgesic use were significantly less in case group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of Kegel exercises after episiotomy is associated with less pain, analgesic consumption and frequency of analgesic use.
The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
1680-2993
17
v.
95
no.
2014
18
25
https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_2802_29eb1adad1f7e7c289ad53b4f70b59e6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/ijogi.2015.2802