تأثیر تمرینات منتخب فیزیوبال بر میزان کمردرد، لوردوز، قدرت و انعطاف پذیری زنان باردار

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه امام رضا مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه زنان و مامایی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: کمردرد در طول بارداری وضعیتی معمول است که اغلب به عنوان مشکلی غیر قابل اجتناب در نظر گرفته می‌شود. یکی از روش های کاهش آن و افزایش قدرت و انعطاف بدنی، تمرینات ورزشی است. تمرینات فیزیوبال نیز یکی از تمرینات ورزشی است، لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر یک دوره تمرین منتخب فیزیوبال بر کمردرد، لوردوز و عملکرد (قدرت و انعطاف‌پذیری) ناحیه کمری، خاجی زنان باردار انجام شد.
روش کار: مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه شبه تجربی و از حیث هدف کاربردی است که در سال 1394 بر روی 18 زن باردار سالم (ماه 8-5 حاملگی) با دامنه سنی 35-20 سال و دارای درجات مشخصی از کمردرد که به درمانگاه زنان واقع در بیمارستان ام‌البنین (س) شهر مشهد مراجعه کرده بودند، انجام شد. متغیرهای مورد بررسی شامل کمردرد، لوردوز، قدرت عضلات کمری و انعطاف جانبی بود. تمرینات فیزیوبال به مدت 21 جلسه، 3 روز در هفته و هر جلسه 45-30 دقیقه به طول انجامید که شامل 10-5 دقیقه گرم کردن در ابتدا بود و بعد از آن به هر کدام از شرکت‌کنندگان یک توپ اختصاص داده ‌شد و دستورالعمل فیزیوبال مورد نظر انجام ‌شد. شدت تمرینات بر اساس اصل اضافه بار و بر اساس توانایی‌های فردی زنان باردار افزایش یافت. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 19) و آزمون های کولموگروف - اسمیرنوف، لون، تحلیل واریانس اندازه‌گیری مکرر و آزمون تحلیل کواریانس انجام شد. میزان pکمتر از 05/0 معنی دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: بر اساس یافته های تحقیق تمرینات فیزیوبال باعث کاهش در میزان درد کمر زنان باردار شد (020/0=p)، همچنین قدرت نیز به میزان قابل توجهی افزایش داشت (000/0=p) اما بر میزان لوردوز (072/0=p) و انعطاف جانبی کمر تأثیری نداشت (11/0=p).
نتیجه گیری: تمرینات منتخب فیزیوبال در دوران بارداری می‌تواند روشی مؤثر برای افزایش قدرت عضلات کمری - خاجی و کاهش کمردرد زنان باردار باشد. اما نمی تواند بر میزان لوردوز مؤثر باشد، چرا که با پیشرفت بارداری افزایش وزن نیز بیشتر می‌شود و به نظر می رسد که افزایش وزن دلیل اصلی لوردوز باشد. همچنین انجام تمرینات فیزیوبال تأثیر قابل ملاحظه‌ای در انعطاف جانبی عضلات کمری - خاجی ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of physioball selected exercise on low back pain, lumbar lordosis, strength and flexibility in pregnant women

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samaneh Haddad Mehrjerdi 1
  • Mahtab Moazzami 2
  • Fatemeh Tara 3
1 M.Sc. student of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mashhad Imam Reza University, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Associate professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 Associate professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Back pain during pregnancy is a common condition which is often considered as an unavoidable problem. Exercise is one of the methods to reduce it and increase physical strength and flexibility. Physiobal is also one of the exercises; therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of one course of physioball selected exercise on low back pain, lordosis and performance (power and flexible) of lumbar-sacral region in pregnant women.
Methods:This quasi-experimental study and applicable in terms of goal was performed on 18 healthy pregnant women (in 5-8 months of pregnancy) with age range of 20-35 years and certain degree of back pain referred to the gynecology clinic of Mashhad Omol-Banin (sa) hospital in 2015. Variables were back pain, lordosis, lumbar muscle strength and flexibility. Physioball exercise lasted for 21 sessions, 3 days a week, 60 minutes each session which included 5 to 10 minutes of warm-up and then one ball was allocated to each participant and physioball exercise was performed. The severity of exercises increased based on the principle of overload and individual abilities of pregnant women. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levan, repeated measure analysis of variance and covariance analysis test. pResults: According to the findings of this study, physioball exercises reduced back pain in pregnant women (p=0.020), also strength significantly increased (p=0.000), but had no effect on the amount of lordosis (p=0.072) and lateral flexibility (p=0.11).
Conclusion: The physioball selected exercises during pregnancy can be an effective method to increase the strength of lumbar-sacral muscles and reduce back pain in pregnant women. But it cannot affect the amount of lordosis because as pregnancy progresses, it leads to more weight gain and weight gain seems to be the main cause of lordosis. Also, physioball exercise has no flexible significant effect on lateral flexibility of lumbar-sacral muscles.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lordosis
  • Low back pain
  • Physioball exercises
  • Pregnant Women
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