عوامل مرتبط با غربالگری سرطان دهانه رحم در زنان مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی- درمانی شهر تبریز سال 91-1390

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 مربی گروه مامایی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات NPMC، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: سرطان دهانه رحم، دومین سرطان شایع در زنان ایرانی است. تست پاپ اسمیر از جمله آزمون هایی است که برای غربالگری بیماری ها و سرطان دهانه رحم مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. اما در بسیاری از زنان غربالگری انجام نمی‌شود. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل مرتبط با غربالگری سرطان دهانه رحم در زنان انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعه مقطعی- توصیفی در سال 91-1390 بر روی 441 زن مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی- درمانی شهر تبریز که دارای پرونده بهداشتی بودند، به صورت نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چند مرحله‌ای انجام شد. ابزارگردآوریداد‌ه‌ها، پرسشنامه‌ای حاوی مشخصات فردی- اجتماعی و اطلاعاتی در مورد غربالگری سرطان دهانه رحم بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 17) و آزمون های کای دو، تست دقیق فیشر و تی مستقل انجام شد. میزان p کمتراز 05/0 معنیداردرنظرگرفتهشد.
یافته‌ها: فقط 218 نفر (4/49%) از افراد مورد مطالعه، سابقه انجام آزمایش پاپ اسمیر را داشتند. دلیل عدم انجام پاپ اسمیر در اکثر موارد (1/46%) عدم شناخت و آگاهی از اهمیت پاپ اسمیر بود. بین انجام غربالگری سرطان سرویکس با سن و نوع روش تنظیم خانواده، ازدواج در سنین پایین، شروع روابط جنسی در سنین پایین، سابقه انجام کوتر، کرایو و کورتاژ ارتباط آماری معنی‌داری وجود داشت (05/0p<). میانگین نمره آگاهی افراد در گروهی که پاپ اسمیر انجام داده بودند به طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از گروه عدم انجام بود (001/0p<).
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به ارتباط برخی از عوامل خطر، نوع روش تنظیم خانواده و نمره آگاهی افراد با انجام غربالگری، می‌توان با حساس نمودن زنان به موضوع و اهمیت تشخیص به موقع بیماری، عملکرد آنها را بهبود بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors Related to Cervical Cancer Screening among Women Referring to Health Centers in Tabriz, Iran 2012

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parvaneh Gahremani nasab 1
  • Mahnaz Shahnazi 2
  • Azizeh Farshbaf Khalili 3
  • Solmaz Ganbari 1
1 M.Sc. Student of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Lecturer of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Ph.D. by Research Student, NPMC Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second common cancer in Iranian women. Pap smear is one of the screening tests used for screening cervical diseases. But screening was not in many women. This study was done to investigate the factors related to cervical cancer screening.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive research that 441 women with health records chosen randomly through multistage clustered sampling among Tabriz health centers, Iran, during 2011 and 2012. A questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics of women and information towards cervical cancer screening was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 17, chi-square, Fisher exact test and independent t-test. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Only 218 (49.4%) women had the history of doing pap smear test. The main reason of women who had not performed pap smear test was being unaware of pap smear importance (46.1%). Statistical test showed significant relationship between performing cervical cancer screening and age, method of contraception, marriage in low ages, beginning sexual function in low ages and history of couther, cryotherapy and cortege (p<0.05). The mean score of knowledge in the group that performed pap smear was significantly more than the group didn’t it (p<0.001).
Conclusion: More than half of the women had no history of screening. Regarding the relationship between some risk factors, methods of family planning and awareness score with screening, the women's performance can be improved through sensitize them to the issue and the importance of early diagnosis of cervical cancer.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Early Detection of Cancer
  • Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
  • Women
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