خودآزمایی پستان و نقش آموزش بر تغییر تصمیم زنان بر اساس مدل مراحل تغییر

نوع مقاله : اصیل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری بهداشت باروری، دانشکده مامایی و پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران

3 مربی گروه بهداشت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: سرطان پستان یک مشکل بزرگ بهداشتی در جهان است که تشخیص زودرس آن نقش مهمی در کاهش مرگ‌و‌میر منتسب به این بیماری دارد، مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر آموزش بر تغییر رفتار خودآزمایی پستان زنان شهر گناباد انجام شد.
روش‌کار: این مطالعۀ یک کارآزمایی در عرصه است که در سال 1394 با مشارکت 140 نفر از زنان متأهل 49-20 ساله شهر گناباد انجام شد. افراد به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمون و شاهد قرار گرفتند و به گروه آزمون خودآزمایی پستان آموزش داده شد. رفتار خودآزمایی پستان با استفاده از مدل مراحل تغییر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و پرسشنامه مربوط به مشخصات فردی و مراحل تغییر قبل، بلافاصله و سه ماه بعد از مداخله آموزشی تکمیل گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده ازنرم‌افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 20) و آزمون‌های آنالیز واریانس با تکرار مشاهدات، تی دانشجویی، کای اسکوئر و تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره انجام شد. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی‌دار در نظر گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: قبل از آموزش، اکثریت زنان دو گروه در مرحله پیش‌تفکر و تفکر قرار داشتند. آزمون کای‌دو، تفاوت معنی‌داری در مراحل تغییر قبل از مداخله نشان نداد (609/0=p). بلافاصله و سه ماه بعد از مداخله، اکثر زنان گروه آزمون به سمت مراحل عمل و نگهداری پیشرفت کردند، ولی در گروه شاهد اکثر زنان همچنان در مراحل پیش‌تفکر و تفکر قرار داشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه حاکی است که مداخله آموزشی مبتنی بر مدل مراحل تغییر در ارتقاء رفتار خودآزمایی پستان مؤثر است. علاوه بر این، آموزش بر اساس مدل مراحل تغییر بر حسب اینکه افراد در کدام یک از مراحل تغییر رفتار خودآزمایی پستان قرار دارند، موجب ارتقاء انجام رفتارهای غربالگری می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Breast self-examination and the role of education based on stages of change model in changing women's decision

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Matlabi 1
  • Abdaldjvad Khajavi 1
  • Fariba Askari 2
  • Maryam Saberi 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
2 PhD Student of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
3 Instructor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Breast cancer is considered as a serious health concern worldwide. The early diagnosis of this disease plays an important role in reducing its associated mortality rate. Regarding this, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of training in changing the breast self-examination behavior among the females living in Gonabad, Iran.
Method: This field trial was conducted on 140 married women within the age range of 20-49 years in Gonabad in 2016. The study population was selected using simple random sampling technique, and then assigned into two groups of control and intervention. The intervention group was subjected to breast self-examination training. The breast self-examination behavior was investigated using the Stages of Change Model. The participants filled out a questionnaire, covering the demographic information and the stages of changes, before, immediately after, and three months after the educational intervention. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 20) using statistical tests, such as repeated measures ANOVA, Student’s t-test, Chi-square test, and multivariate ANOVA. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Findings: According to the results, the majority of the women in both intervention and control groups were in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages prior to the intervention. The results of the Chi-square test revealed no significant difference in change stages before the intervention (P=0.609). However, immediately and three months after the training, most of the subjects in the intervention group moved to action and maintenance stages, while in the control group, the majority of the women were in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages.
Conclusion: As the findings indicated, educational intervention based on the stages of change model was effective in the improvement of breast self-examination behaviors. Moreover, training based on this model could lead to the promotion of screening behaviors depending on the stage of changes at which the women are.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Education
  • Breast Self-Examination
  • Stages of change model
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